NATIONAL INTERGRATION UNITY AND CONFLICT RESOLUTION
- a) State five factors that promote national unity in Kenya.
- Constitution
- Education
- National language
- Social economic interactions
- Equal distribution of resources
- National philosophies
- National symbols of unity e.g. National flag
Any 5 x 1 = 5 marks
- b) Explain five methods of conflict resolution.
- Negotiation – discussion between two parties or people who are trying to reach an agreement.
- Arbitration – This is provided by the Kenyan laws. Arbitrators.
- Diplomacy/conciliation – negotiations between individuals to create understanding and room for reconciliation.
- Legislation – passing of laws that controls conflicts. It criminalizes activities that lead to conflicts.
- Traditional society – elders of communities raising their experience to resolve a conflict.
- Religious action – Religious figures are called upon to resolve political, social & economic conflicts and give guidance on the emerging social trends and issues.
- Court action/litigation – parties take other parties to court for arbitration.
- Policing – used to maintain law and order. Presence of police help to control crime that bring about conflicts.
- International agreements – International agreement on security or sharing of Natural resources e.g. Egypt & Kenya on waters of R. Nile.
- Mediation – A situation where a person who is not involved in a dispute tries to reach two conflicting parties reach an agreement.
Any 5 x 2 = 10 marks
ANS 23 DIST 1
11.What is conflict resolution? (1mk)
- refers to the process of settling disputes. 1×1 = 1mk
ANS 11 DIST 2
- Give the main reason why Kenya’s celebrate Kenyatta day as a national holiday
- To commemorate the day Kenyatta and other leaders of KAU were arrested by colonial government
- To remind us of the sufferings and blood shed by our people in the struggle for independence
1 x 1 = 1mk
ANS 14 DIST 3
- Give one way in which the institution of the presidency promotes National Unity (1mk)
– The President as head of state and government unites all Kenyas.
- All Kenyans look upto one President for protection. 1 x 1 = 1mk
ANS 12 DIST 6
- State one way in which the Kenyan constitution promotes national unity. ( 1 mk)
- i) Guarantees equal opportunities for all Kenyans.
- ii) Provide protection to individuals against any form of discrimination / bill of right.
iii) Provide for unitary government. ( Any 1 x 1 = 1 mk)
ANS 12 DIST 7
- One way in which the constitution promotes national unity
-Guarantees equal opportunity to all Kenyans
-Provides protection to individuals against any form of discrimination 2×1=2mks
- One level of conflict (1mk)
-Individual verse individual
-Group verse group
-Individual verse state
-Group verse state
-State verse state 1×1= 1mk
- b) Explain five reasons why national integration is important
-To develop national unity in spite of the differences if each communities
-For economic and social development as people unite their effort towards the development of various economic activities
-To promote peaceful co-existence of different tribes as people accept their culture differences / intercultural tolerance
-Enables the country to develop a sense of national direction as national goals are communicated to the people and also enable people todevelop unified goals for the nation
-Enables the country to achieve an easier, more efficient and accurate communication
-Reduces conflicts based on ethnicity religion / race hence less wars, deaths and property destruction.
-Ensures political stability / security
-Eliminates suspicion among citizen of different tribes /religion /political thus eliminates tribalism, nepotism or corruption.
– Encourages a sense of nationalism and patriotism (5×2=10mks) well explained
ANS 15, 18, 24b DIST 8.
- Why is it important to have cultural activities in Kenya today. (1mk)
- i) They entertain people
- ii) They educate the masses
iii) They unite the people
- iv) They promote patriotism
- v) They create employment
- vi) They preserve African culture. Any 1×1 = 1mk
- Celebration for gaining internal sef-governance/Madaraka Day.
Give the major historical significance of first June in Kenya. (1mk)
ANS 14, 16 DIST 9
- State one way in which the Kenyan constitution promotes national unity 1mk)
- It ensures equal opportunities to all Kenyans
- It provides protection to individuals against any form of discrimination
- It provides for a unitary system of government
- All Kenyans are subjected to the same constitution of law Any 1×1 = 1mark
- Give two ways through which conflicts can be resolved peacefully (2mks)
- Diplomacy / negotiation
- Arbitration
- Litigation
- Mediation
- Legislation / parliament passes laws to control conflict Any 2×1 = 2 marks
- a) Identify five symbols of national unity in Kenya (5mks)
- National flag – signifies one nation
- National award
- National anthem
- Loyalty pledge
- Court of arms
5×1 = 5marks
- b) Discuss the steps that have been taken by the Kenyan government to promote national integration since independence (10mks)
- Development of national symbols e.g. flag, anthem etc
- Declaring Kiswahili a national language
- Promotion of Harambe spirit which unites all Kenyans and promotes a sense of belonging
- Introduction of The Nyayo philosophy of peace, love and liberty
- Use of one constitution which promotes equality of all Kenyans before the law
- Promotion of games, sports and cultural activities within the general public and in leaning institutions
- Abolition of ethnic organizations and groupings
- Promotion of a National Public Service where civil servants can serve anywhere in the country
Any 5×2 = 10marks
ANS 13, 14, 22 DIST 10
2.i) It encourages the rich and the poor to exploit other members of the society.
- ii) It widens the gap between the rich and the poor in the society thus creating enemity and
iii) It leads to mismanagement of resources / economy .
- iv) It breeds other vices such as hatred , individualism and injustice.
- v) It promotes a skewed / unbalanced distribution of national resources.(1 x 1 = 1mk)
- a) – Greed
– Exploitation of the poor by the rich.
– Nepotism
– Tribalism
– Racism
– Irresponsible statements by leaders.
– Religious differences
– Thirst for power
– Political differences / ideological differences
– Trade union disputes / industrial disputes. (5 x1=5mks)
- b) i) Negotiation – creation of understanding between 2 parties.
- ii) Arbitration – disagreement is solved by a neutral person
iii) Mediation – involves a third party who is not part of the conflict.
- iv) Court settlement – dispute is taken to court/ litigation.
- v) Out of court settlement – dispute is handled out of court
- vi) Traditional society / use of elders – involves use of customary law by the elders.
vii) Religious action – Handled by church elders.
viii) Policing – presence of the police help control crime.
- ix) Compromise – Opposing parties take a middle ground. (5×2=10mks)
ANS 2, 22 DIST 11
- State two importance of national integration.
- i) It create unity for national integration
- ii) It promotes peaceful co-existence and stability i.e. different tribes and races.
iii) It provides national direction as it sets national goods.
iv ) It promotes patriotism and nationalism.
- v) It enhances communication among the people since it involves an official language of
ANS 7 DIST 13
24.(a) State five ways in which conflicts can be prevented in Kenya. (5mks)
- Able leadership
- Respecting other peoples rights and freedoms
- Having a good constitution
- Respecting the principles of democracy
- Having proper electoral process
- Equitable/fair distribution of resources.
- Maintenance of law and order
- Having a responsible media.
5 x 1 = 5mks
ANS 24a DIST 14
- – Individual vs Individual
– Individual vs state
– Group vs state
– state vs state 2×1 = 2mks
ANS 9 DIST 16
22b.- Constitution
– National language
– Education
– Fair distribution of resources
– One president
– Games and sports
– Social and economic interactions
– Employment opportunities
– National motto
– Urbanization
– Symbols of national unity
– National activities and holidays
– Mass media (6 x 2=12mks)
ANS 22a DIST 17
20b. Describe six steps that can ensure a successful and peaceful resolution of
conflicts (12 mks)
- Identification of the conflict – the conflicting parties should recognize
that a conflict exists
(ii) Arbitrator must be accepted by all
- Diagnosis on the causes of the conflict
- Scrutinizing of the grievances
- Determination of the extent to which the conflict has progressed
- Examination of options for conflict resolution, aiming at the best long term solution
- Implementation of the solution by the parties involved
- Both parties to accept the outcome, failure to which an alternative should be sought.
- The arbitrator should make a follow up.